Before using any benchmark from this page, identify what kind of evidence it represents. The source material mixes published research, public Google documentation or reporting, and campaign observations. Those categories should not be treated as interchangeable.
- Published external research. Use this category when a study has a traceable methodology, sample definition, publication date, and original source. The source JSON names several publishers but does not include supporting source URLs, so their figures should not be presented here as independently verified facts.
- Google reporting or documentation. Use public Google documentation to confirm current supported features, property requirements, and reporting behavior. When a historical search feature has changed, current documentation takes precedence over an older benchmark.
Campaign observations can still be useful when they are labeled as internal, directional, and non-universal. They should describe what was observed rather than imply statistical significance or causation.
CTR analysis needs particular care. Pages that receive enhanced search presentation may already differ in ranking, content quality, brand recognition, or query mix. A higher CTR observed alongside structured data does not prove that markup alone caused the difference.
Benchmark transfer is especially risky when a study population differs from the target site. An ecommerce sample, publisher sample, or B2B service sample can answer a different question from the one your own pages present. Use external evidence to calibrate a hypothesis, then validate the decision with your own URLs, current documentation, live markup tests, and Search Console evidence.