A one-page website is not automatically weak for SEO. The tradeoff is that every important search signal, user need, and conversion message has to coexist on the same document. The useful question is whether those needs belong together.
1. Topic separation is limited. A focused page can explain one offer in depth, but it becomes harder to satisfy several distinct search intents without making the page unfocused. A multi-page site can give separate queries their own purpose-built destination. A single-page site has to decide what belongs on the core document and what does not.
20 related ideas are not the same as one coherent topic. Adding more sections only helps when those sections deepen the same user need. If they represent different services, audiences, or problems, combining them can make the page less clear rather than more comprehensive.
2. Internal linking options are narrow. Section anchors can help users move through the page, but they do not create the same site architecture as separate crawlable documents. On a larger site, internal links can connect distinct resources and clarify how topics relate. On a single-page site, most of that relationship has to be communicated through the content hierarchy itself.
3. Search intent and conversion intent share the same space. The page may need to explain the offer, answer objections, establish relevance, and move visitors toward a next step without becoming overloaded. The strongest one-page sites are disciplined about what belongs on the page and what should become a separate resource later.